Diabetes Surgery

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Diabetes Surgery

Someone in the world dies from complications associated with diabetes every 10 seconds. Diabetes is one of the top ten leading causes of deaths. Diabetics have health expenditures higher than non-diabetics. Approximately 90 percent of type 2 diabetes mellitus the most common form of diabetes, is attributable to excessive body fat. The prevalence of diabetes is 8.9 percent but more than 25 percent among individuals with severe obesity.

There are two types of Diabetes. Type 1 and Type 2. Type 1 starts at childhood and insulin dependent. Type 2 diabetes is known as adult-onset diabetes, is not dependent on insulin and 90 % of diabetes patients are Type 2. Current therapy for type 2 diabetes includes lifestyle intervention (weight-loss, appropriate diet, exercise) and anti-diabetes medication(s).Type 2 diabetes often worsens with time and sometimes uses of insulin is required. For this reason, T2DM has been considered a chronic and progressive disease.

Diabetes Surgery is a procedure used in treatment of Diabetes. As all these surgeries are known as metabolic surgeries and also performed for treatment of obesity. The surgeries may be named as obesity surgery and metabolic surgery, depending on their purpose. From this perspective, diabetes surgery is no different than obesity surgery. If an operation is planned for treatment of diabetes, it is a metabolic surgery.

World Obesity Federation do not recommend metabolic operation to low-weighted patients with a BMD under 30. In other words, regarding the insufficient number of studies and lack of knowledge of their long term results, Diabetes patients with no excess weight are not allowed for such operations.

a) Gastric Bypass
b) Stomach Stapling
c) Sleeve Gastrectomy
d) Duodenal Switch

For Diabetes surgery or metabolic surgery, 4 world-wide accepted operation techniques are performed. Long term results of those operations are known are reliable techniques with proven success.

In addition to above mentioned surgeries, some variations are also used. Recent operaions such as transit bipartition surgery, mini gastric by pass. But it should also be considered that long term results of such operations stil remain to be investigated.

Sleeve gastrectomy is a surgical weight-loss procedure in which the stomach is reduced to about 25% of original size by removing of the major curve of stomach. It can be performed with laparoscopic or robotic technique. The remaining stomach is like a sleeve or a banana. It is a restrictive procedure.

Gastric bypass has historically been the most popular bariatric procedure. It is still widely accepted as the gold standard for bariatric procedure. This is preferred operation especially in patients with reflux. It causes food restriction and malabsorbtion. Unlike sleeve gastrectomy, stomach remains in abdomen. It is more effective compared with gastric banding and sleeve gastrectomy. But, it is a more complicated procedure and may cause malabsorbtion of some required nutrients such as calcium, iron, vitamin B12, vitamin D, vitamin B1, zinc.

It is simpler and takes lower time compared to Roux-n-Y gastric bypass. It is a popular procedure recently. It is an alternative procedure to the gastric bypass. Its complication rate is lower compared to bypass. It causes malabsorbtion and restriction of nutrients.

Someone in the world dies from complications associated with diabetes every 10 seconds. Diabetes is one of the top ten leading causes of deaths. Diabetics have health expenditures higher than non-diabetics. Approximately 90 percent of type 2 diabetes mellitus the most common form of diabetes, is attributable to excessive body fat. The prevalence of diabetes is 8.9 percent but more than 25 percent among individuals with severe obesity.

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